MULTI SENSORY APPROACH

 “If a child is not learning in the way you teach, change your teaching strategy and teach the child in the way he learns!”

Introduction:

Multi-sensory instruction refers to the way information is delivered to the student. The three primary modes of instruction are visual, auditory, and sensory-motor. Visual instruction includes activities like reading a text or looking at a picture. Auditory instruction might involve listening to a lecture or a book on tape. A third mode of instruction is sensory-motor. This is often referred to as a “hands-on” approach.

A multisensory approach, "also known as VAKT (visual-auditory-kinesthetic tactile) implies that students learn best when information is presented in different modalities (Mercer & Mercer, 1993)"

The belief is that students learn a new concept best when it is taught using the four modalities. Activities such as tracing, hearing, writing, and seeing represent the four modalities that incorporates the four modalities.

What is Multi Sensory Approach?

Multisensory Approach in teaching is the simultaneous use of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile to enhance memory and learning. Links are consistently made between the visuals (what we see), auditory (what we hear), and kinesthetic- tactile (what we do or feel) which enable the learner to store the information directly to the brain in its real sense.

It is a coherent representation of objects combining different modalities to enable us to have meaningful perceptual experiences. Using a multisensory teaching technique means helping a child to learn through more than one sense.

Many forms of instruction use more than one mode. For example, watching a film involves both auditory and visual components. Writing is an example of an activity that involves fine motor and visual instruction. Speaking would be a fine motor and auditory experience. Acting out a scene from a play involves all three modes: visual, auditory, and sensory-motor activities.

Most teaching techniques are done using either sight or hearing (visual or auditory). The child’s sight is used in reading information, looking at text, pictures or reading information based from the board. The hearing sense is used to listen to what the teacher says.

Perhaps the child’s vision may be affected by difficulties with tracking or visual processing. Sometimes the child’s auditory processing may be weak. The solution for these difficulties is to involve the use of more of the child’s senses, especially the use of touch (tactile) and movement (kinetic). This will help the child’s brain to develop tactile and kinetic memories to hang on to, as well as the auditory and visual one.

Taking into consideration the facts of individual differences, learning difficulties, etc. multi sensory approach is the only way to satisfy the different needs of a child.

Multisensory techniques are frequently used for children with learning differences. Students with learning difficulties typically have difficulties in one or more areas of reading, spelling, writing, math, listening comprehension and expressive language. Multisensory techniques enable students to use their personal areas of strength to help them learn. They can range from simple to complex, depending on the needs of the student and the task at hand.

Why Multisensory Approach?

We remember:

 20% of what we read, 30% of what we hear, 

40% 0f what we see, 50% of what we say,

 60% of what we do and 90% 

of what we see, hear, say and do.

When information is presented, it goes into our short term, working memory. Like a computer, unless we deliberately save the data into long-term storage, it is lost very quickly. The method we use to save new information that is presented to us determines the likelihood we will be able retrieve it in the future.

 If you think of memory as a file card box, then the least effective system for organizing information would be to write everything down in the same color, on the same size and color cards and throw them all into a big box.

The same is true for learning. Here, our chances of successfully retrieving information are influenced by the number of pathways we create to find it. The pathways are the modes of learning.

The purpose behind multi-sensory instruction is to apply this concept of learning to all subject areas. The more experiences a student has with a piece of information, be it a spelling word, a process in mathematics, a novel, or a concept in science; the stronger their ability will be to remember it over a longer period of time.

It is not always possible to provide all four elements but it would be useful to audit teaching approaches and consider how many elements are present.

Multisensory teaching is effective at any age. However, age-appropriate resources for secondary students and adult learners have been almost impossible to source.

Multisensory Techniques which could be used to assist a student in learning:

     To stimulate visual reasoning and learning:

• Text and/or pictures on paper, posters, models, projection screens, computers or flash cards
• Use of colors for highlighting, organizing information or imagery
• Graphic organizers, outlining passages
• Student created art, images, text, pictures and videos

       Auditory Techniques:

• Peer assisted reading, paired reading , computerized text readers, books on tape, etc.
• Video or film with accompanying audio
• Music, song, instruments, speaking, rhymes, chants and language games

     Tactile Teaching Methods:

• Multi sensory techniques that involve using the sense of touch are called tactile methods. Tactile methods include strategies such as:
• Sand trays, textured objects, finger paints and puzzles,etc.
• Modeling materials such as clay and sculpting materials
• Using small materials called manipulatives to represent number values to teach math skills

     Kinesthetic Method:

• Multisensory methods using body movements are called kinesthetic methods. These involve fine and gross motor movements.
• Games involving jumping rope, clapping or other movements paired with activities while counting and singing songs related to concepts.
• Any large movement activity for students involving dancing, bean bag tossing or other activities involving concepts, rhythmic recall and academic competition such as quizzes, flash card races and other learning games 

Key benefits of the multisensory approach are:

• Increased learner engagement
• Generating a greater capacity for learning
• Encouraging a greater knowledge transfer
• Improved attitudes towards learning
• Greater student achievement